Essay: Communication and translation as social acts

Sample Essay

Language is a reflective tool whereby humans make sense of their thoughts and actions. Through language use we also enter an interactional space that has been partly already shaped for us, a world in which some distinctions seem to matter more than others, a world where every choice we make is partly contingent on what happened before and contributes to the definition of what will happen next. (Duranti, 1997, p. 5).

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Essay: Afghanistan’s schools of higher education

Sample Essay

As Moreno (2005) noted, only one budget line item in the government’s 2004 proposed appropriation for education and vocational training targeted secondary education development with the commitment of funds to “upgrading of Science and Laboratory equipment for High schools” (p. 382). This, despite the fact that “secondary education has a direct impact on both primary and tertiary education” (p.382) since it is a necessary step in preparation for a college or university program, there is a need also to provide an “incentive” for primary students to work hard and continue to achieve in their schooling.

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Essay: Afghanistan’s social and cultural elites

Sample Essay

Some critics contended that Afghanistan was abandoned by those most responsible for its turmoil namely the U.S. and the Soviet Union. Ayub and Kuovo (2008) stated that the war and its aftermath “have most sharply defined Afghanistan as it is today” (p. 643) and charged that the “international community failed Afghanistan in not staying involved” (p. 646). They argued that if the international community considered the fraught situation that the nation was left in following the withdrawal of the Soviet Union and the subsequent “dismissal of Afghanistan from [the] agendas” of those nations that supported the various Mujahedeen factions, efforts might have been taken to strengthen the postwar government so that it could exert control over the increasingly unruly and destructive warlords who emerged out of the Mujahedeen (Ayub & Kuovo, 2008; Weinstein & Vaishnav, 2006).

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Essay: Development of Afghan education

Sample Essay

The effects of the country’s brutal Civil War, the impact of the warring Mujahedeen and, the Taliban regime, were explored in this chapter in terms of the devastation wrought on the nation’s society and infrastructure (Emadi, 2005; Hoodfar, 2007; Roshan, 2004; Wardak, 2004) particularly on the nation’s educational system (Banzet & de Geoffroy, 2006; Islam, 2007; Moreno, 2005; Shirazi, 2007).

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