Tag Archives: Industrialization

Will the next 100 years be the “Asian Century”: Essay

Sample Essay

Words 3,061

Introduction

In the past 30 years the urban population in the Asia and Pacific-region has increased by 560 million people (or 260 per cent) and in the next 30 years it is expected to increase by about 1,450 million people (or 250 per cent). This unprecedented urbanization process will make it increasingly difficult for limited natural and human resources to cope with the pressures of modern society.

Midway through the 1990s the Asia-Pacific region is experiencing rapid economic growth and even more rapid industrialization and urbanization. Clearly the major influences on the future of the region are the changes in and growth of the urban areas. Several more mega-cities and large cities, with populations over a million have emerged. Cities in Asia and the Pacific are centres of both hope and despair: while being engines of economic and social development, they are also congested centres of poverty and environmental deterioration.

If present global trends continue, the twenty-first century will be an Asian century, with Asia poised to become the world’s dominant economic powerhouse. By the year 2025, most Asians will be urban dwellers. With most of its value added economic activities and populations located in urban areas, how well cities function, as systems, will determine the future of Asia.

While Asian and Pacific economies and societies are undergoing rapid transformation, government structures and systems in most countries of the region have been slow to change and respond to the new challenges. To meet the challenges of the twenty-first century new paradigms based on partnership between local governments and the civil society, including the private sector, are required. This requires a fundamental reevaluation of the form and nature of local governance in Asia and the Pacific.

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Illiteracy in Low Socio-Economic Areas: Essay

Sample Essay

Words 2,592

Introduction

Economic growth in the nineteenth century U.S. was not without its costs. The deleterious impact of economic growth on nineteenth century U.S. living standards can be seen in what has come to be known as “the antebellum paradox”: though economic growth was strong and per capita incomes were rising before the Civil War, two indicators of living standards—average height and life expectation at age 10 (e10 )—were declining (Fogel, 1986). Several studies have examined the factors that influenced physical stature at the individual level in cross section, in order to understand how changes over time in urbanization, industrialization, and nutrition could explain the change in stature. But falling life expectation has received considerably less attention at the micro level.

This study introduces new evidence on the correlates of individual-level mortality, particularly socioeconomic status measured by occupation and household wealth, created by linking the mortality and population schedules of the 1850 and 1860 federal population censuses. The linkage makes it possible to calculate mortality rates by occupation, by household wealth, and by cause of death, and thereby uncover in two cross sections some of the factors underlying the changes in life expectation observed over the decades before the U.S. Civil War.

Research on the link between status and mortality in the late twentieth century U.S. has uncovered a substantial gap between high and low status individuals, a gap that is apparent in other health outcomes as well (Williams, 1998; Lantz et al., 1998). Though a great deal of attention has now been devoted to explaining why those lower in status have worse outcomes, and the possibility that there is some reverse causation involved (with poor health leading to low status), such investigations lack an historical perspective (Smith, 1999).

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Korean Division Paper

Sample Paper

Words 2,556

A key component of the rebuilding of North Korea, ruled by Kim Il Song until his death in 1994, was industrialization, influenced politically and efficiently by the Soviet Union, China and other Communist allies. But by the mid 1990’s, with the fall of the Soviet Union; a deteriorating economy; and terrible natural disasters of flood, drought, and famine; North Korea has had to face deep hardship, increased isolation, and dependence on food aid. The social institutions and principles still reflect their roots in the fusion of feudalism, Confucianism, and Communism.

North Korea’s relationship with the South has determined much of their post-World War II history and still forms a large part of its foreign policy. North and South Korea have had a hard and hostile relationship from the Korean War. In recent years, North Korea has followed a mixed policy:

  • Seeking to develop economic relations with South Korea
  • Win the support of the South Korean public for better North-South engagement
  • Maintaining a threatening conventional force posture on the DMZ and in neighboring waters.

The demilitarized zone in South Korea is the place where South Korea citizens are not permissible to visit. The border is too well known and too frightening for Koreans to fall across it by accident. They are driven to it by wish to escape, or to be coming together with family, or to spy.  The 38th Parallel had been fixed by common agreement as the divining line to two regimes zones in which the Americans and Russians would receive the surrender of the Japanese forces, but after the autumn of 1945, it had become a real frontier (Fontaine 395)

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American History

Sample Term Paper

Words 1,614

URBANIZATION

During the nineteenth century, the United States experienced a period of rapid urbanization. There has been a definite change in the urban area as more and more people have immigrated to the cities. The Industrial Revolution and the nation’s change in status from a small, agricultural country to a foremost commercial and industrial power led to an enormous change in the makeup of the American city. Cities grew quickly, with huge influxes of population, mainly poor, many of them foreigners, and much faster than city infrastructure and development could properly handle. Population density was tremendously high, much higher than today, and large numbers of people lived in tenements. Tenement housing was dirty, crowded, noisy, and immeasurably unhealthful. There is need to improve living conditions in the inner cities where there is a lot of poverty.

LAISSEZ-FAIRE

Historians regularly call the period between 1870 and the early 1900s the Gilded Age. This was an era of swift industrialization, laissez-faire capitalism, and no income tax. Captains of industry like John D. Rockefeller and Andrew Carnegie made fortunes. They also proclaimed “survival of the fittest” in business. Sociologists like  William Graham Sumner admired the new class of industrial millionaires. Sumner argued that social progress depended on the fittest family’s transient on their wealth to the next generation. According to the Social Darwinists, capitalism and society itself desired unlimited business competition to thrive. By the late 1800s, however, monopolies increasingly controlled the production and prices of goods in many American industries. As a result workers’ wages and working conditions were free. Millions of men, women, and children worked long hours for low pay in dangerous factories and mines. There were few work-safety regulations, no worker compensation laws, no company pensions, and no government social security.

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