Tag Archives: British
Foreign Policy in US Politics
Sample Term Paper
Words 2,398
Federalist Party position on Foreign policy was quite distinct. They took an aggressive attitude toward France, including undeclared naval war. The justification was that France was being excessively arrogant in American dealings, especially XYZ Affair. Also, France’s government had changed so radically that America no longer thought its treaties were valid. They were semi-aggressive towards Britain. The British violated Neutrality Act and seized cargo; also took sailors. British still possessed forts in America. Jay’s Treaty settled with British. Spain signed Pinckney’s Treaty, were impressed by America and desired friendship and alliance. They tried to help with Indian problems in Florida. The overall justification for the federalists’ stance on foreign policy was that America was a rapidly developing nation and had to prove itself on a world platform. The main backers of the party were wealthy and well known, and thus would be able to weather conflicts with foreign countries.
Federalist Party position’s had a great impact on the nation. Washington and Adams were first two Presidents and also Federalists (although Washington to somewhat lesser extent); thus their actions were those of the Federalist Party and also the first major actions of the nation in foreign affairs.
The anti-federalists positions held that they wanted to settle with French and British, due to America’s lack of a strong military. The justification: America wasn’t a world power, and thus it was a poor idea to provoke Britain and France. Also, war would have an extremely negative effect on the farmers and merchants that made up the party. Democratic-Republican position’s impact on nation was distinct as well. Constituencies of party were employed in the tasks of most of the nation (farming, mercantilism, etc.) Thus, the interests of the majority of the citizens seemed to be with the Democratic-Republicans.
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Kashmir Dispute
Sample Research Paper
Words 2,200
Introduction
Kashmir dispute is not a recent conflict; it is an ongoing tussle between the two countries India and Pakistan for over fifty years. As always it is a case of struggle for independence by a majority and the insistence of India that Kashmir is an integral part of the country, the role played by Pakistan is controversial, as it backs the freedom fighter or the terrorists as claimed by India. The conflict is seemingly irresolvable as appears from the surface. While some contend that Kashmiri distinctiveness goes beyond religion and is based on region, shared culture and, others have noted that, in response to external and internal events, Kashmiri identity has increasingly fragmented by the dispute. This paper takes an in-depth look into the struggle, the issues, and the motivations driving both the Indians and the Pakistanis, and considers the viewpoint of the Kashmiris. As would be revealed during the course of the paper, the ideal solution would be a joint rule by Pakistanis and the Indians, somewhat similar to the status of Cyprus, between the Greeks and the Turks.
Background Information
Location
Kashmir is located in the heart of south-central Asia amongst the most populace countries of the world. It shares a border with China, Afghanistan, India and Pakistan Kashmir once known as “paradise on earth,” home to vast wildlife reserves including some species so rare they existed only in Kashmir, are now rapidly falling victim to the desolation which has include much of this piece of land.
Political History in Colonial Times
For nearly two centuries, Central Asia has been a chessboard. In 1819, Kashmir, Muslim since the reign of the Moguls, was attack by Indian Sikhs led by British advisors. In 1847, the British sold the entire realm of Kashmir land and people to a Hindu maharajah, Gulab Singh, for seven and a half million gold rupees (about 75 million dollars).
Queen Victoria retained sovereignty, but the maharajah took rule over its Muslim tribesmen in the high Karakoram, over 100,000 square miles of towering peaks and glacier fields between the Indian plain and the frontier deserts of western China and the Tibetan plateau.
Until August 1947, the autocratic rule of the Hindu maharajah of Jammu and Kashmir was agitate by the oversight of the British viceroy in Calcutta and later Delhi in the same way that the British ruled the other 564 feudal monarchies of the vast Indian subcontinent, whose area comprised two-fifths of India and a population of 99 million.
Nevertheless, after World War II, an exhausted Great Britain no longer had the political will or the financial resources to carry on as an imperial power in a world where imperialism had become a dirty word. With the election of a Labour Party government in London in May 1945, Britain finally decided to an independent India, and wartime hero Lord Louis Mountbatten was named the “last viceroy” to supervise the transition to independence.
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Effect of Civil War and its Aftermath on Indian Nations
Sample Term Paper
Words 2,000
Indian tribes existed in North America for several thousands of years before the European settlers arrived. The tribes were racially alike, but they were separate nations with different languages, diverse geographical areas, and unlike cultural practices. The differences were preserved partly because of geographic isolation and partly due to lack of communication: no TV, radio, telephone even horses were not available until after the European settlers arrived.
As the settlers moved westward, they relocate the Indian tribes from their ancestral homelands. Millions of Indians died from diseases against which they had no confrontation, and from being slaughtered by the settlers. After tribes were forced out of their homelands and forced to move hundreds or even thousands of miles away, the recently empty lands were opened for settlement. In other areas, the Louisiana Purchase Texas the former Mexican territories tribes stayed in place in greatly reduced homelands that then became tribal reservations.
American policy was devised during the initial decades of the country’s existence. It was early comprehend that Native Americans were a potential check to westward expansion. The first problem staring the new American government squarely in the face was the need to found peace with the various tribes. Many groups had sided with the British and they had to be brought into the American fold.[1]
[1] (Prucha 2)
Bibliography
Prucha, Francis Paul. American Indian Policy in the Formative Years Lincoln, 1962
Gurney, Gene. A Pictorial History of the United States Army: In War and Peace, from Colonial Times to Vietnam. New York, NY: Crown Publishers, 1977
Matloff, Maurice, Editor. Army Historical Series: American Military History. Office of The Chief of Military History, U.S. Army, Washington, D.C. 1969
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The Double Helix by James Watson
Sample Essay
Words 700
Double Helix was written by James Watson in 1968, almost fifteen years after of discovery and six years after getting the Nobel Prize. It is an account of how he and Francis Crick cracked the structure of DNA. It is a systematic chronicle distinctive in style and effect. The Double Helix summarizes some of the important proceedings as well as the ordinary routine that surrounded James Watson and Francis Crick’s finding of the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) configuration. The story is sketched from the fall of 1951 when Watson reached at the Cavendish Laboratory of Cambridge University as an American postdoctoral researcher, and ends with the submission of the significant journal article in April of 1953.
Watson at first joins a team which is examining the three-dimensional construction of proteins, and then gradually he and Crick start analyzing DNA structure. Watson and Crick share magnetism to DNA, and when they join up together they make a perfect team. At the same time Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin, both British, and American Linus Pauling are separately exploring DNA structure at Oxford and, by the end, when Watson and Crick are together, it becomes a challenge to see who will put the puzzle pieces together to shape the correct picture. This race is representative of the kind of intellectual competition that existed and still exists between Oxford and Cambridge
Each team is aware that there are four different types of nucleotides; in addition it is also known that there are bases, sugars and phosphates in the nucleotides; information on x-ray crystallographic is already available and a helix arrangement is assumed. The scientists employee different kinds of scientific methods, as they work they desire information on different things work hard to get them, create and propose different models but sometimes end up rejecting them.
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